The values
of mainstream American life were not forgotten by these
women. They felt drastically out of place, demoralized
by their inability to establish homes, find work and
belong. The cruel realities of their own lives conflicted
with their desires to fulfill the stereotype of wife,
mother, and daughter. To have no place in the world
made them question their very right to be. Sensitive
to the stares and curiosities of passersby, they nevertheless
were rarely critical of a society that did not provide
for them. For those I did get to know, it was always
heartbreaking to find that there was little I could
do to help other than take them to the nearest shelter.
Many times because of their past experiences in shelter,
they refused to go. Time and again I would see women
who had been homeless for only a short while fail to
get meaningful assistance and gradually deteriorate.
In most large
cities there are shelters for women run by public and
private organizations. All homeless women are not in
these shelters. There is not enough room for them. Few
statistics exist about the exact numbers of homeless
people in any city in America. But, every shelter providing
services for these women reports that they must turn
them away daily because there is no vacancy.
In many cities,
shelters provide for the homeless on a restricted temporary
basis. In Boston, for example, Harborlights and Rosie’s
Place serve free evening meals, but the bed space is
limited and a woman is permitted to stay only several
nights, then must find her own accommodations. After
a certain amount of time has passed she can then repeat
the cycle. This is to encourage women to move out of
the shelter and to find more suitable permanent place
of residence. It insures that larger numbers of women
will be serviced through the limited facilities available.
Other shelters
also offer temporary housing for varying numbers of
days. Women make the rounds, hoping to juggle the schedule
of their days in and out among the particular shelters.
Inevitably, though, the woman must spend a few days
outdoors.
If there is
a bed, and a woman can get into a residence, there are
often further regulations with which she must comply.
Many shelters are operated by religious organizations
and require that applicants participate in services
and religious indoctrination. Depending on a woman’s
inclination and need she may or may not wish to pay
the price of cooperation. Still other shelters look
for a "better grade" of client, women who
they feel have some potential for reform and return
to am acceptable place in society. They accept and work
with women who are younger, have fewer years of hospitalization,
some capacity to find a job and have spent less time
on the streets.
In contrast,
Rosie’s Place in Boston prides itself on offering the
women who come there problem-free services. Few, if
any, personal questions are asked and a woman’s request
is all that is needed for her to obtain a bed. She may
be receiving welfare, social security, have a job or
even another place to love, but if she is first in line
at Rosie’s she gets a bed. All that is required of her
is that she maintain a level of decorum in the dining
hall and observe the six day cycle in and out. Alcohol,
mental illness, and lack of cleanliness are tolerated
within reason and there is an atmosphere of conviviality
and friendliness amid the sadness and dire straits most
of the women find themselves in. The largely volunteer
staff is available to help with any problems of those
who express some need, and there is an attempt made
to connect women with social services and permanent
housing. The Dwelling Place in New York City, and The
House of Ruth in Washington are run along similar lines.
These centers service the most needy and turn away no
one if there is space available. But they have so few
beds compared with the need.
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